In Islam, the concept of sin revolves around actions and behaviors that go against the teachings and principles outlined in the Quran and the Hadith (sayings of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him). Sins are categorized into minor and major, while the major sins in Islam hold significant weight due to their grave consequences and impact on a person’s spiritual well-being.
Major sins in Islam are those actions and behaviors that are strictly forbidden and have severe penalties if committed knowingly and persistently. These sins are outlined in the Quran and the Hadith, providing clear guidance on the major sins in Islam that Muslims should abstain from to lead a virtuous life.
Let’s take a look at the major sins in Islam to abstain from and their penalties:
Shirk (Associating Partners with Allah)
Shirk is the gravest of the major sins in Islam and it involves associating partners with Allah in any form. It’s the act of attributing Allah’s qualities to anyone or anything besides Allah, whether through worship, belief, words, or actions. In simpler terms, it’s like placing something or someone at the same level as Allah, which is strictly forbidden in Islam.
For example, believing that a certain object like a charm can bring good luck, relying on fortune-tellers to predict the future, or praying to Sheikhs for assistance are all considered forms of shirk. These actions contradict the essential Islamic belief that only Allah has control over all affairs.
Examples of Shirk in Everyday Life That Must be Avoided
- Idolatry: Worshipping idols or images, a practice seen in some cultures and generally some people’s beliefs. This directly contradicts Islamic teachings and makes someone a polytheist.
- Superstition: Believing in lucky charms or amulets that allegedly bring good fortune or ward off evil.
- Fortune-Telling: Consulting clerics, astrologers, tarot readers, or any form of divination, indicating that they have knowledge of the unseen and know what will happen in the future.
- Veneration of Religious Leaders or Deads: Praying to or seeking help from deceased saints or religious figures, rather than directing all supplications to Allah alone.
All these actions as they seem easy to do fundamentally damage and sabotage the core principle of Islam: the absolute oneness and supremacy of Allah. Having any of the above beliefs makes someone a polytheist and a disbeliever even if such person is still observing Solah or Fasting while still having such beliefs.
The Quran and Hadith condemns shirk:
“Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly fabricated a tremendous sin.” (Surah An-Nisa, 4:48)
It was narrated that ‘Abdullah said
“I asked the Messenger of Allah [ﷺ], which sin is most grievous?” He said: “Shirk, associating partner with Allah, ” (Sunan an-Nasa’i, 4015)
The verse and Hadith stresses the unforgivable nature of shirk if one dies without repenting. It’s a severe warning about the consequences of attributing partners to Allah.
Penalties and Consequences of Committing Shirk
The consequences of shirk are destructive. In the Hereafter, the punishment for unrepented shirk is eternal Hell. Allah’s mercy and forgiveness encompass all sins except shirk, stating its unusual gravity. The Quran states:
“Indeed, he who associates others with Allah – Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire. And there are not for the wrongdoers any helpers.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, 5:72)
This verse leaves no ambiguity about the fate of those who commit shirk without seeking forgiveness. It’s a call to all Muslims to remain vigilant and ensure their faith and worship are directed solely to Allah.
Murder (Unjust Taking of a Life)
Murder in Islam refers to the unjust and deliberate killing or taking of a life without lawful justification. Taking an innocent life is one of the most serious offenses in Islam and the major sins in Islam. The sanctity of human life is deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, emphasizing that every soul is precious and should be protected.
The Quran and the Hadith repeatedly emphasize the importance of preserving human life. The belief is that only Allah, the Creator, has the ultimate authority over life and death. Thus, taking a life unjustly is viewed as a grave transgression against Allah’s will and creation.
The Quran states in Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:32):
“Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land – it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one – it is as if he had saved mankind entirely.
Situations Where Taking a Life is Considered Murder
- Premeditated Killing: Planning and intentionally killing someone.
- Revenge Killing: Taking the law into one’s own hands to settle personal scores.
- Accidental Killing Without Due Diligence: Negligent actions leading to someone’s death, even if unintended, can also be severe if proper care isn’t taken.
Islamic law, however, acknowledges certain situations where taking a life might not be considered murder, such as:
- Self-Defense: Protecting oneself or others from immediate and unlawful aggression. An example is fighting back thieves or armed robbers who intend to take someone’s life.
- Capital Punishment: Executed under the strict and regulated judicial process for severe crimes like murder or treason. If a law regulating body in a state carries out this process, it is not considered murder.
These exceptions are strictly regulated to ensure that justice is served without descending into lawlessness.
One significant verse for this act is from Surah Al-Isra (17:33):
“And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right. And whoever is killed unjustly – We have given his heir authority, but let him not exceed limits in [the matter of] taking life. Indeed, he has been supported [by the law].”
Penalties for Murder in Islamic Law
- Qisas (Retaliation): The family of the victim has the right to demand the life of the murderer, following the principle of “an eye for an eye” in Quran 5:45. However, this is subject to judicial supervision to prevent excesses.
- Diyah (Blood Money): The family of the victim may accept financial compensation instead of seeking the death penalty. This serves as an alternative form of justice and compensation.
- Forgiveness: The victim’s family can choose to forgive the murderer, which is highly encouraged in Islam and considered an act of great mercy and righteousness.
And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed – then it is those who are the wrongdoers [i.e., the unjust]. (Al-Quran 5:45)
Disrespecting Parents
Among the major sins in Islam, disrespecting one’s parents is a serious offense that carries significant grave consequences. Honoring and respecting parents is deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, reflecting the importance of family bonds and the high regard for those who raised and nurtured us.
In Islam, parents hold an esteemed position, second only to Allah and His Messenger. They are the ones who, through their love, sacrifices, and efforts, have shaped our lives. Respect and gratitude towards parents are emphasized repeatedly in the Quran and the Hadith.
The Quran states in Surah Al-Isra (17:23-24):
“And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them [so much as], ‘uff,’ and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word. And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say, ‘My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up [when I was] small.'”
“And We have enjoined upon man [care] for his parents. His mother carried him, [increasing her] in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years. Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] destination.” (Surah Luqman 31:14)
Disrespecting one’s parents is not just a breach of social etiquette but a severe sin in Islam. The consequences of such behavior extend beyond this world into the Hereafter unless they forgive and forget sincerely from their heart after seeking their forgiveness. A person who mistreats or disrespects his/her parents not only incurs Allah’s anger but also risks severe repercussions.
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of respecting parents in several Hadiths. In one Hadith, he said:
“Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said thrice, “Shall I not inform you of the biggest of the great sins?” We said, “Yes, O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) ” He said, “To join partners in worship with Allah: to be undutiful to one’s parents.” (Sahih Bukhari)
The Prophet (peace be upon him) places disrespect towards parents immediately after shirk, highlighting its grave sin. In our culture too, a person who mistreats their parents might find themselves kept out from or looked down upon by their community. Respecting elders, especially parents, is a cornerstone of a pleasant society, and failing in this regard can lead to strained relationships and a loss of social support.
Spiritually, the consequences are even more severe. Disrespecting parents can lead to a loss of barakah (blessings) in one’s life. It can also result in a hardened heart, making it difficult to find peace and contentment.
Penalties for Disrespecting Parents
- Forgiveness and Repentance: The victim should seek sincere forgiveness from his/her parents and also seek Allah’s forgiveness too. He/She should also intend not to be rude to them ever again.
Zina (Adultery and Fornication)
Among the major sins in Islam is Zina, which refers to adultery and fornication. It is considered a serious offense with serious implications for individuals and society. The holiness of marriage is important in Islamic teachings, making the prohibition of Zina crucial for maintaining social and spiritual integrity.
Zina is having illicit sexual intercourse outside the bounds of a lawful marriage. It is strictly prohibited in Islam because it sabotages the sanctity of marriage, leading to moral corruption, and disrupts social harmony. For individuals, it can lead to a loss of self-respect and emotional turmoil. It creates a barrier between the sinner and Allah, making it harder to seek forgiveness and attain peace of mind.
On a societal level, Zina leads to broken families, distrust, and social instability. It can result in illegitimate children, who may face stigma and lack the support structure provided by a stable family. The prevalence of Zina can also lead to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, further causing harm to public health.
Allah says:
“And do not approach unlawful sexual intercourse. Indeed, it is ever an immorality and is evil as a way.”
Penalties for Zina
Islamic law prescribes specific penalties for Zina to serve as a barrier that will stop people from doing such acts and uphold social morality. The penalties depend on the marital status of the individuals involved:
- For Unmarried Individuals (Fornication): The punishment is generally one hundred lashes, as mentioned in Surah An-Nur (24:2). This punishment aims to prevent individuals from engaging in premarital sexual relations.
The [unmarried] woman or [unmarried] man found guilty of sexual intercourse – lash each one of them with a hundred lashes, and do not be taken by pity for them in the religion [i.e., law] of Allah, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. And let a group of the believers witness their punishment. (Surah An-Nur 24:2)
- For Married Individuals (Adultery): The punishment for adultery is more severe and traditionally includes stoning to death. This reflects the betrayal of marital trust and the potential harm to the family (emotionally, physically, and healthwise).
These penalties are not applied directly but require strict pieces of evidence. It requires the testimony of four reliable witnesses who saw them when having the illegal sex or a confession by the victims. This high burden of proof ensures that accusations are not made frivolously or maliciously.
The wisdom behind these two penalties is to curb this evil act. No one would like to see someone having illegal sex with his or her mother, wife, sister, or daughters. We all know that it is a detestable act and having a law like this can easily curb or reduce the act in the society if it’s been practiced.
Riba (Usury) is Also One of The Major Sins in Islam
Riba, commonly understood as usury or interest, is one of the major sins in Islam. It involves charging interest on loans, which is seen as exploitation and unjust Islamically. Islamic teachings prohibit riba to ensure economic justice and fairness within society.
Riba can be categorized into two main forms:
- Riba al-Nasiah (Interest on Loans): This involves charging interest on money lent over a period. For example, if someone borrows $100 and agrees to pay back $110, the additional $10 is considered riba.
- Riba al-Fadl (Excess in Trade): This form of riba occurs in trading goods of the same type but of different quantities or qualities without an equal exchange. For example, trading one kilogram of high-quality wheat for two kilograms of lower-quality wheat involves riba al-fadl.
Islam prohibits riba to promote fairness, justice, and economic equity. Charging interest on loans creates a system where the rich can exploit the needy, leading to social and economic inequalities. Riba allows wealth to accumulate with the lender, while the borrower, often in need, becomes further poor.
Allah says:
“Those who consume interest cannot stand [on the Day of Resurrection] except as one stands who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they say, “Trade is [just] like interest.” But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allah. But whoever returns [to dealing in interest or usury] – those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein.” (Surah Al-Baqarah (2:275)
“O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains [due to you] of interest, if you should be believers. And if you do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal – [thus] you do no wrong, nor are you wronged.” (Surah Al-Baqarah (2:278-279),
The prohibition of riba ensures that wealth circulation benefits everyone, preventing the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few, the rich. It encourages risk-sharing and investment in productive activities rather than wealth hoarding through interest.
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also condemned riba in various Hadiths. In one Hadith, he said:
“Avoid the seven destructive sins.” They asked, “O Allah’s Messenger! What are they?” He replied, “Shirk (associating others with Allah in worship), magic, killing a soul whom Allah has forbidden to kill except by right, consuming riba, consuming an orphan’s property, fleeing from the battlefield, and slandering chaste, innocent women.” (Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)
All the laws and penalties that Islam made for some acts are all for our benefit. This Riba really affects our economic and social life a lot. Economically, riba leads to unjust wealth distribution, where lenders become richer without contributing to productive activities, and borrowers that are always in need, become poorer and trapped in a cycle of debt.
Concerning the social aspect too, riba fosters inequality and resentment, leading to social instability. It damages the moral foundation of the society, promoting greed and exploitation over mutual support and cooperation.
Penalties for Riba
- Forgiveness and Repentance: The victim should seek Allah’s forgiveness sincerely and should repent never to return back to such act again.
- Leave the remaining interest and refrain from it: In case the victim still has some people that owe him/her part of the interest, he/she should leave it and should not collect it again.
So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists (from Riba) may have what is past (will be forgiven the past deeds), and his affair rests with Allah. (Al-Quran 2:275)
In this discussion of major sins in Islam, we’ve dug into some of the most serious offenses that Muslims are urged to abstain from even though we have not covered all the major sins in Islam. These include shirk (associating partners with Allah), murder (unjust taking of a life), disrespecting parents, zina (adultery and fornication), and riba (usury).
Encouragement to Seek Forgiveness and Repentance
While these major sins in Islam are severe, the door to forgiveness is always open. Allah’s mercy is vast, and sincere repentance can lead to attaining His forgiveness. Muslims are encouraged to constantly seek Allah’s forgiveness, make amends for their wrongdoings, and strive to live a life in accordance with Islamic principles. You can read about the “Path Of Seeking Forgiveness In Islam.”
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
“The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “All of the children of Adam are sinners, and the best sinners are those who repent.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)
Allah says in the Quran Surah Al-Imran (3:133):
“And hasten to forgiveness from your Lord and a garden as wide as the heavens and earth, prepared for the righteous.”
Understanding and avoiding major sins in Islam is vital for maintaining self-improvement as a Muslim and promoting social harmony. We ask Allah (Subhanahu was ta’ala) to protect us from both major and minor sins and as human beings, there’s no way we’ll be free from mistakes. We ask him to forgive us our sins and accept our repentance. Assalaamu Alaikum
Be First to Comment